| Autor: |
Hanna, Stephanie J, Codd, Amy S, Gea-Mallorqui, Ester, Scourfield, D Oliver, Richter, Felix C, Ladell, Kristin, Borsa, Mariana, Compeer, Ewoud B, Moon, Owen R, Galloway, Sarah A E, Dimonte, Sandra, Capitani, Lorenzo, Shepherd, Freya R, Wilson, Joseph D, Uhl, Lion F K, The Oxford-Cardiff COVID-19 Literature Consortium, Ahern, David J, Almuttaqi, Hannah, Alonzi, Dominic S, Alrubayyi, Aljawharah |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Oxford Open Immunology; 2021, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p1-9, 9p |
| Abstrakt: |
COVID-19 is characterized by profound lymphopenia in the peripheral blood, and the remaining T cells display altered phenotypes, characterized by a spectrum of activation and exhaustion. However, antigen-specific T cell responses are emerging as a crucial mechanism for both clearance of the virus and as the most likely route to long-lasting immune memory that would protect against re-infection. Therefore, T cell responses are also of considerable interest in vaccine development. Furthermore, persistent alterations in T cell subset composition and function post-infection have important implications for patients' long-term immune function. In this review, we examine T cell phenotypes, including those of innate T cells, in both peripheral blood and lungs, and consider how key markers of activation and exhaustion correlate with, and may be able to predict, disease severity. We focus on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to elucidate markers that may indicate formation of antigen-specific T cell memory. We also examine peripheral T cell phenotypes in recovery and the likelihood of long-lasting immune disruption. Finally, we discuss T cell phenotypes in the lung as important drivers of both virus clearance and tissue damage. As our knowledge of the adaptive immune response to COVID-19 rapidly evolves, it has become clear that while some areas of the T cell response have been investigated in some detail, others, such as the T cell response in children remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review will also highlight areas where T cell phenotypes require urgent characterisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
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