| Abstrakt: |
Early observational studies of primates remarked on their "highly social nature" (Kawamura [37]), while the functions of primate grouping [Tinbergen's ([69]) "why" question] have long been explored (Clutton-Brock [8]; Itani [32]; Wrangham [75]; van Schaik [70]; Isbell [31]; Sterck et al. [62]) and are elegantly summarised by Kappeler ([35]). Keywords: Leadership; Interspecific association; Social network analysis; Multi-level sociality EN Leadership Interspecific association Social network analysis Multi-level sociality 187 193 7 05/05/22 20220501 NES 220501 Defining primate groups has been the focus of considerable effort for at least the last 75 years (Carpenter [5]; Imanishi [29], [30]; Crook and Gartland [15]): my aim is not to summarise or critique that work, but rather to enthuse those who think that this question has already been answered. 3 Social space occupied by primates, from a solitary forager origin [modified for primates after Lee ([42]) for other mammals; photos by PCL, H. van Lawick, I. Behncke, M. Ramsay, H. Buchanan-Smith]. Almost all higher primate species live in groups and therefore reap the multiple benefits of sociality, such as reduced risk of predation and multiple foraging advantages. [Extracted from the article] |
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