| Autor: |
Rezapour, Salar, Siavash Moghaddam, Sina, Nouri, Amin, Khosravi Aqdam, Kamal |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Scientific Reports; 3/9/2022, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-16, 16p |
| Abstrakt: |
The contamination of urban soils with heavy elements due to the rapid development of urbanization and urban services has become a major environmental and human health challenge. This study provides insight into the urbanization controls on combined pollution severity and health risk potential of heavy metals in corn-cultivated urban versus non-urban soils. A multifaceted assessment was conducted using enrichment factor (EF), ecological risk (ER), bioconcentration factor (BCF), transmission factor (TF), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results indicate a significant increase in the concentration of all metals in urban farmlands. When compared to the non-urban soils, EF implies a significant increase of all metals in the urban soil, downgrading this index from minimal enrichment (EF < 2) in the control soils to moderate enrichment (2 ≤ EF < 5) in the urban soils. Likewise, the average ER value showed an increase in the urban soils than in the control soils in the order of Fluvisols (66.6%) > Regosols (66.1%) > Cambisols (59.8%) > Calcisols (47%). The BCF and TF values for different elements decreased in the order of Cd (0.41–0.92) > Cu (0.1–0.23) > Zn (0.1–0.18) > Ni (0.01–0.03) > Pb (0.005–0.011) and Zn (0.75–0.94) > Cu (0.72–0.85) > Pb (0.09–0.63) > Cd (0.17–0.22) > Ni (0.01–0.21), respectively, which indicates that certain metals were not mobilized to the extent that they had been accumulated in the plant roots. The total carcinogenic risk was ranged from 5.88E−05 to 1.17E−04 for children and from 1.17E−04 to 2.30E−04 for adults, which implies a greater associated health risk for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
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