| Abstrakt: |
Pistacia vera by-products are discarded by the pistachio processing industries, notably leading to environmental problems. By-products such as external green hull represent a major part of the nut. Thus, there is an urgent need to find suitable applications for this by-product. In this context, this study was designed to promote the management of these by-products rich of biologically active molecules. The present study reports the extraction method of pistachio external hull polysaccharides (PHP) and their protective effects against the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in vivo caused by CCl4 and cisplatin in rats, respectively. Results showed that CCl4 and cisplatin administration altered the hepatic and renal functions. Whereas PHP treatment restored the increased plasmatic biomarkers of hepatotoxicity through deacreasing the percentage of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by 23.23, 98.97, and 81.39%, respectively. PHP reestablished also plasmatic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (creatinine, urea, and uric acid) and their levels were reduced by 17.5, 14.59 and 14.81%, respectively. PHP normalized plasmatic lipid profile, in so far as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), were altered by CCl4. In addition, PHP pre-co-treatment markedly improved the oxidative stress biomarkers, as evidenced by the reduction of lipid peroxidation by 50 and 67.56% in both liver and kidney tissues. It was also marked by the elevation of the superoxyde dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxydase (GSH-Px), and catalase activities by 19.89, 31.15, and 27.57% compared with CCl4-treated rats and by 20.49, 40.55, and 61.82%, respectively, compared with cisplatin-treated group. The detected potential role of PHP in liver and kidney tissues were supported by histopathologic examination. Due to their antioxidant activity, PHP's monosaccharides could be considered as powerful agents able to prevent the hepatic and renal tissue. The obtained results confirmed the medicinal benefits of pistachio external hull and highlighted the potential beneficial reuse of hulls as a source of bio-antioxidants for the pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
Full text from SpringerLink