| Abstrakt: |
In the conditions of formation and development of Ukraine as an independent state, the priority is the need to implement economic policy, one of the components of which is cluster policy. It is to support the creation and operation of clusters. In particular, such issues as factors of formation, development and causes of cluster decline. Understanding these reasons, classifying and assessing significance will help enhance public cluster policy measures, which was the aim of this research. The information base of the study consisted of statistical materials, regulations, national cluster development programs in such countries as: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Estonia, Canada, China, Germany, Norway and others. Implementation of regulations will contribute to the creation and development of clusters. A significant achievement is the use of the method of comparison in the analysis of the peculiarities of the functioning of clusters, current regulations on the creation and development of clusters in different countries and in Ukraine. Due to the use of a systematic and structural approach, the factors that hinder the development of clusters in Ukraine have been identified. The study found that in foreign countries there are several main determinants of cluster formation: concentration in the region of competitive enterprises; availability of competitive advantages for development; geographical concentration and proximity to settlements; wide choice of participants and the presence of "critical mass". In contrast to the rest of the world, Ukraine has factors that hinder the development of clusters (limited functioning of transport and engineering infrastructure; low level of organizational development of the cluster, including lack of experience in strategic planning of cluster development, lack of effective information communication between cluster members; limited access to foreign markets, etc.). In this regard, it is necessary to: develop a regulatory framework for the creation and operation of clusters (define at the legislative level the concepts of "cluster", "cluster policy", "clustering"; create and implement government programs to promote cluster development; create a Register of clusters in Ukraine); develop cluster connections and networking; to attract credit funds from international financial organizations on program principles; increase the influence and responsibility of local authorities in the context of decentralization in relation to ensuring the development of clusters; to develop models of using the mechanism of publicprivate partnership in order to attract non-state investment resources for the development of clusters, etc. The most effective way to provide conditions for the growth of the role of clusters may be the creation of cross-border clusters, as evidenced by international experience. A promising area is cooperation between Chambers of Commerce and clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
