| Autor: |
Osterwalder, S., Nerentorp, M., Zhu, W., Jiskra, M., Nilsson, E., Nilsson, M. B., Rutgersson, A., Soerensen, A. L., Sommar, J., Wallin, M. B., Wängberg, I., Bishop, K. |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Global Biogeochemical Cycles; Aug2021, Vol. 35 Issue 8, p1-17, 17p |
| Abstrakt: |
Air‐sea exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) is not well constrained, even though it is a major component of the global Hg cycle. Lack of Hg0 flux measurements to validate parameterizations of the Hg0 transfer velocity contributes to this uncertainty. We measured the Hg0 flux on the Baltic Sea coast using micrometeorological methods (gradient‐based and relaxed eddy accumulation [REA]) and also simulated the flux with a gas exchange model. The coastal waters were typically supersaturated with Hg0 (mean ± 1σ = 13.5 ± 3.5 ng m−3; ca. 10% of total Hg) compared to the atmosphere (1.3 ± 0.2 ng m−3). The Hg0 flux calculated using the gas exchange model ranged from 0.1–1.3 ng m−2 h−1 (10th and 90th percentile) over the course of the campaign (May 10–June 20, 2017) and showed a distinct diel fluctuation. The mean coastal Hg0 fluxes determined with the two gradient‐based approaches and REA were 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6 ng m−2 h−1, respectively. In contrast, the mean open sea Hg0 flux measured with REA was larger (6.3 ng m−2 h−1). The open sea Hg0 flux indicated a stronger wind speed dependence for the Hg0 transfer velocity compared to commonly used parameterizations. Although based on a limited data set, we suggest that the wind speed dependence of the Hg0 transfer velocity is more consistent with gases that have less water solubility than CO2 (e.g., O2). These pioneering flux measurements using micrometeorological techniques show that more such measurements would improve our understanding of air‐sea Hg exchange. Key Points: Mean coastal Hg0 fluxes measured with micrometeorological methods were similar to fluxes based on Hg0aq measurements (gas exchange model)The gas exchange model predicted Hg0 emission with a noon peak but flux measurements had no diel peak and periods of Hg0 uptakeA cubic relationship between wind speed and the gas transfer velocity was indicated by a subset of the Hg0 open sea flux measurements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Plný text