| Autor: |
White, Kathryn E., Cavigelli, Michel A., Bagley, Gwendolyn |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Agronomy Journal; May/Jun2021, Vol. 113 Issue 3, p2681-2697, 17p |
| Abstrakt: |
Balancing P and K inputs with crop needs is challenging in cropping systems applying poultry litter (PL) for N. We compared P and K balances of PL‐amended organic and mineral‐fertilized conventional systems over 13 yr. In organic systems, lower legume cover crop biomass (3,462 ± 421 vs. 4,691 ± 436 kg ha−1) and N contributions in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (Org2) led to 58% greater PL applications to corn than in a corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation (Org3); as did alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a corn–soybean–wheat–alfalfa rotation (Org6). Greater Org2 and Org3 P inputs reduced harvest exports by 106 and 102 kg ha−1, respectively, increased mean P balances by 209 kg ha−1, and mean Mehlich 3 P concentrations by 9.6 mg kg−1 compared to Org6. Alfalfa exported 62% of P and 56% of K applied throughout the Org6 rotation. Due to alfalfa export, the annual P surplus was small (9 kg ha−1) and soil P was "optimum" in Org6. Soil test‐based fertilizer application in tilled and no‐till conventional systems with initially high soil P led to a –124 kg ha−1 P balance and optimum soil P. Fertilizer and PL K applications exceeding crop uptake led to positive K balances in all systems but greater retention of PL than fertilizer K. Legume cover crops or forages and increasing crop rotation length/complexity improved organic system P and K balances. Soil test‐based fertilizer application in conventional systems reduced high soil test P while maintaining yields. Core Ideas: Legume N reduces poultry litter input, helping balance P with crop needs.Legume cover crop performance impacts poultry litter requirements.Perennial forage improves P balance and soil P via removal in biomass harvest.Soil test‐based P management in conventional systems reduces excessive soil P.Poultry litter K was better retained in soil relative to mineral fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
Complementary Index |
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