| Abstrakt: |
This study was conducted in the postgraduate laboratory at the College of Education for Pure Science at the University of Kerbala in collaborating with Center for Manuscript Preservation, Restoration and Care of Researchers at the Imam Hussain Holy Shrine in Kerbala for the period from 17-3-2019 to 20-9-2020 . In order to evaluate the virulence of fungal isolates Trichophyton rubrum isolate IQT-No.1 and Microsporum canis isolate IQM-No. 1 registered in the Global Genebank that accession numbers MK167434 and MK167435 respectively, in a previous study in their production of protease, lipase and keratinase during 3, 6 and 9 days incubation periods at 25°C and evaluation of the efficacy of different concentrations at twelve combinations of mineral –zinc or nano-zinc and fluconazole antifungal and the interaction between zinc in its two forms with the fluconazole antifungal on a biomass dry weight of colony (mg) on grown the liquid sabouraud dextrose broth media, as well as the phenotypic characteristics of fungal colonies developing on sabouraud dextrose agar media as a colony diameter (mm), and the microscopic features of mycelium and conidia after 14 days of incubation. The results showed that both fungi have the ability to produce the enzymes protease, lipase and keratinase, the fungus Trichophyton rubrum was higher in its production of the protease and lipase on the ninth day of incubation, which was significantly different from the Microsporum canis, while the Microsporum canis recorded a significant superiority in its production of the keratinase on the ninth day of incubation compared to the Trichophyton rubrum. The results indicated that using the combination of 30 mg zinc with 10 mg flucanazole was the best combination in the low dry weight of T. rubrum, while the M. canis was affected by the combination of 10.0mg zinc and 10.0mg flucanazole and it did not significantly differ from 15.0 mg zinc and 5.0 mg flucanazole compared with the control. The two fungi also differed with each other in the average dry weight of the biomass and the M.canis was less dry weight compared to T.rubrum. All the combinations of nano zinc and fluconazole were positive in decreasing the dry weight of the biomass of the T. rubrum, except for treatments 7.5 and 15.0 nano zinc to 22.5 and 15.5 respectively, which did not differ from the control. Likewise, the M. canis was affected by the combinations and gave a significant decrease over the control, especially in treatment, 30 nano zinc and 10 flucanozol. T.rubrum, 5.0mg mineral zinc and 5.0mg flucanozol, recorded the lowest rate of colony diameter over the solid Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium, while two treatments 22.5m zinc with the 7.5mg fluconazol and 20mg zinc with 20mg fluconazol respectively showed the lowest average for the M.canis colony diameter (mm) and all the treatments recorded a significant decrease compared to the control. The best combination was 15.0 mg nano zinc with 5.0 mg only fluconazol in decreasing the diameter colony of T.rubrum. Likewise, the M.canis was affected by the combinations and gave a significant decrease over the control, especially in treatment 7.5mg nano zinc and 22.5mg flucanozol. The inhibition of the average diameter of the fungal culture in terms of phenotypically and grow vertically tend toward the cover plate. As for the microscopic aspect, deformation occurred in the fungal hypha, separation of protoplasm from the cell wall and aggregation of protoplasm, in addition to the disappearance of the conidia, compared to the control. In conclusion, this is the first report on T. rubrum and M.canis tinea were treated with the combination between mineral zinc or nano zinc with fluconazole antifungal to reduce the pathogenic fungal growth and deformation of conidia formation. Tests showed that nano zinc has more effective effect than mineral zinc and has an important role in reducing the amount of antifungal used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
