| Abstrakt: |
At present, it is generally accepted that the glucocorticoid function of adrenal glands is realized due to the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in mammals. At the same time, over the years, informative data have appeared that according to which biological effects of peripheral ACTH are not limited to the activities of this system. Thus, by in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, it was found that ACTH in dose-dependent way has a direct stimulating effect on the insulin synthesis processes in the pancreas of a number of laboratory animals. Our own in vivo and in vitro studies, it was also found that ACTH in a dose-dependent way has a direct stimulating effect on the processes of lipase release by pancreatic acinar cells. By our own in vivo and in vitro studies, it was also possible to establish that "Synachten" commercial syntactic preparation, an ACTH analog with a similar amino acid sequence (1-24), has a direct dose-dependent effect on the processes of lipase release by acinar cells of the pancreas. In our opinion, new data, according to which ACTH actively participates in the processes of tissue basophil activity, ensuring the release of histamine and serotonin from cells into the perivascular space is of considerable interest. Thus, ACTH takes an active part in the incretory and alkaline secretory activities of the pancreas and the selective secretory function of tissue basophils. There is literary information in which, in our opinion, very important data are given, according to which, in addition to the pituitary gland, extracerebral sources of ACTH synthesis were found. So, leukocyte-lymphocytic cells and tissue basophils act as sources of ACTH synthesis. Moreover, leukocyte cells also act as a source of thyroid hormone synthesis, which in its structural and biological characteristics is similar to the thyroid hormone produced in the central nervous system. The syntactic potency of tissue basophils, in terms of their selective production of ACTH, was established in a series of experimental studies in which ACTH was detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and corticotropin releasing factor on the membrane of the same tissue basophils. Based on the analysis of available informative literary data and our own studies, we hypothesize that the biological effects of perpipheral ACTH are realized not due to pituitary ACTH, but ACTH produced in leukocyte-lymphocytic cells and tissue basophils. The similar conclusion goes for thyroid hormone. In our opinion, the biological effects of peripheral ACTH are not realized on the principles of vertical compounds (through the central nervous system), but due to the presence of horizontal compounds between peripheral organs and systems, among which new, more ancient, evolutionarily formed sources of ACTH synthesis are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
