| Abstrakt: |
During the long process of assimilation of the Shixian-li 時憲曆 astronomical method, the bureaucratic structure of Gwansanggam 觀象監 (the Office for Observation of Natural Phenomena) also changed gradually. The personnel in charge of calendar calculation increased, the textbooks for civil service examination for the Gwansanggam officers was newly designated, and the selection process of young candidates for officers was enacted. The most important change in Gwansanggam's structure, however, was the establishment of new positions such as Samryeok-gwan 三曆官 (Officers in Charge of Making Three Calendars) and expansion of their quota. This reorganization of institutional structure was not recorded in the State Codes (大典), because the court could not change the orthodox Codes established by the former kings. Yet the Joseon government needed to establish the new positions to assimilate the Shixian-li method and make annual calendars according to that method. This need was satisfied by the so called Sanwon-jik 散員職 positions -- the official positions receiving "scattered salaries" (sanryo 散料). With these changes, a total of 131 new positions were established in Gwansanggam. Moreover, this new position of Samryeok-gwan became the council members who regulated the Gwansanggam organization after the mid-eighteenth century. The Sanwon-jik positions, such as Samryeok-gwan and Susul-gwan 修述官, played key role in the management of Gwansanggam in the late Joseon period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
