| Abstrakt: |
It is analyzed the phenomenon of contemporary Ukrainian political culture, its structure and function; on the basis diversified points of view generalization, the author asserts the view that it is a multifunctional and structurally multifaceted phenomenon, where each component performs its function only in organic interaction (and depending on) with the other. The significance of values for understanding the political culture of a particular society and individual is due to the fact that value orientations and behavioral practices are formed on their basis in the socio-political environment. Among the structural components, the author identifies and analyzes political consciousness, political psychology and ideology, political feelings and will, political experience, normative and spontaneous political activity; under transit conditions, these quantities have loosened and unstable measurements; they often change, therefore they require specific attention in a particular situation; at the same time, they have a significant part of the national-universal component, which cements the political culture and ensures its projection into the future. Analyzing the latest research and publications of scientists, the author notes that value orientations are a complex of wide-ranging worldview positions and a source of specific and stable motives of activity that manifest themselves in worldview positions. The article draws attention to the following forms of value orientations, namely, political orientations; legal orientation; religious orientations; moral orientation; aesthetic and cultural orientations. In addition to functions, attention is focused on the levels of political culture, namely group, individual and social, which determine each other’s existence and have both common and distinctive features. Political culture at the individual and group levels acts as a unity of political consciousness and behavior. At the social level, political culture is complemented by a culture of political institutions functioning, which in turn make up the political system of the state. Observing and analyzing this phenomenon, we have the opportunity to assert that modern political culture is considered as a multilevel and multicultural phenomenon that has the main structural elements or levels: value-motivational, cognitive and activity level. The state of political culture and its structure are characterized by the following blocks: complexes of cultural-psychological, behavioral and ideological-theoretical phenomena, which are realized in political actions; the results of the objectified activities to which the political entities are oriented; types of political entities that were formed (or being formed) with their own system of motivation for behavior and activity. Thus, it may be concluded that the understanding of the essence of political culture is dialectically interrelated with its structurally meaningful content, which is imbued with heterogeneous symbols and signs. Political culture as a symbolic and sign phenomenon is represented by various types, which have their own unique essential characteristics that affect all levels of existence of a given social phenomenon. Summarizing the point of view of researchers and scientists , the author notes that the typology of political culture in the nature of subject-subject relations is as follows: political culture of elites; mass political culture; culture of public authorities; culture of everyday political activity; a culture of electoral participation; parliamentary, deputative culture; political culture of opposition forces; the culture of political institutions and organizations; culture of NGOs and other associations. The article considers other criteria that belong to a certain political regime and political culture and are classified into democratic, totalitarian and authoritarian. Thus, a democratic political culture is understood as a structural and functional transformation of social needs into the content of the political process. This process defines the nature of political culture as the interaction of political and non-political. There is a need for a clear classification of political culture, due to the fact that each of the identified varieties of this phenomenon generates a number of important factors for social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
