| Abstrakt: |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key prostanoid known to have both proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory impact in the context of chronic respiratory diseases. We hypothesize that these opposing effects may be the result of different prostanoid E (EP) receptor‐mediated signaling pathways. In this study, we focus on two of the four EP receptors, EP2 and EP4, as they are known to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐dependent signaling pathways. Using primary human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, we first focussed on the PGE2‐induced production of two cAMP‐dependent proinflammatory mediators: interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and cyclo‐oxygenase 2 production. We show that PGE2‐induced IL‐6 protein secretion occurs via an EP2‐mediated pathway, in a manner independent of receptor‐mediated effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and temporal activation kinetics of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding. Moreover, stimulation of ASM with PGE2 did not establish a positive, receptor‐mediated, feedback loop, as mRNA expression for EP2 and EP4 receptors were not upregulated and receptor antagonists were without effect. Our studies revealed that the EP2, but not the EP4, receptor is responsible for β2‐adrenergic desensitization induced by PGE2. We demonstrate that PGE2‐induced heterologous receptor desensitization responsible for tachyphylaxis to short‐ (salbutamol) or long‐ (formoterol) β2‐agonists (measured by cAMP release) can be reversed by the EP2 receptor antagonist PF‐04418948. Importantly, this study highlights that inhibiting the EP2 receptor restores β2‐adrenergic receptor function in vitro and offers an attractive novel therapeutic target for treating infectious exacerbations in people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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