| Abstrakt: |
Several neuroimmunological registries were established in Germany during the last 10 years. Common aim is to investigate the course of the different diseases, mainly under various therapeutic conditions, to identify predictive factors, and side effects of immunomodulating therapies. Six nationwide neuroimmunological registries will be presented in this article. The German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE) with more than 40 participating clinical centers and 570 documented patients (September 2016) collects data and biomaterials of autoimmune encephalitis with known and unknown antibodies. The registry coordinates and mediates between scientist and clinicians and acts as a platform for the development of guidelines and procedures. The neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS) has established a national registry for patients with neuromyelitis optica and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. In addition to 22 academic hospitals, 17 regional hospitals and several practices are participating. Currently, 250 patients are enrolled. Moreover NEMOS is now establishing a prospective patient cohort (NationNMO) within the competence network multiple sclerosis. Current research focuses on treatment strategies for relapses and interval therapy of neuromyelitis optica. The competence network multiple sclerosis has initiated a multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) (NationMS), with the aim of long-term follow-up and clinical and paraclinical characterization of the patients. Between August 2010 and December 2014, 1,212 patients in 22 university und non-university centers were enrolled into the NationMS cohort. Standardized clinical data as well as biomaterial and MRI images were collected and stored. The Deutsche Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft Bundesverband e. V. established in 2001 a long-term project to obtain a consistent and reliable overview of MS-patients in Germany. Since 2014 the registry was revised comprehensively, with the main aim to establish a permanent data repository for healthcare research to ensure collection, storage and provision of data over recent decades and to enable the description of long-term outcomes. Currently, more than 170 German centers are participating and over 48,000 patients are enrolled into the registry. Since 2013, the competence network multiple sclerosis has established the immunetherapy register REGIMS with the objective to obtain information on incidence, type and characteristics of adverse events of new immunemodulating therapies for patients with multiple sclerosis or clinical isolated syndrome. As of January 2017 more than 700 patients have been recruited fThis paper presents the study of an artificial material, made up of a periodic structure, defined by a unit cell, consisting of a finite number N of periodic layers of thin conducting cylinders placed between two dielectric planes. These artificial materials known as metamaterials can be regarded as a homogeneous material with effective constitutive parameters impossible to achieve with naturally occurring materials, such as negative values for both magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. An analytical model has been developed to study the effective electric permittivity of the whole system in terms of the unit cell dimensions and the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave. Simulations of the effective electric permittivity of the metamaterial were performed by varying the geometry of the metamaterial. This analysis enables the design and construction of structures with properties that make them an attractive candidate for shielding applications in the range of microwave frequencies. The metamaterial has been constructed with four rows of 5 bronze conducting rods each. We have made experimental measurements of the shielding effectiveness of these materials when subjected to a electromagnetic plane wave with electric field polarized along the direction of the conducting rods, and conversely, with electric field polarized perpendicular to the rods. Non-zero values for shielding effectiveness were observed in the first polarization, and zero values in the second case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
