| Abstrakt: |
The addition of large amounts of wind and solar generation to bulk power systems that are traditionally subject to operating constraints set by transient stability and frequency response limitations is the subject of considerable concern in the industry. The US western interconnection is expected to experience substantial additional growth in both wind and solar generation. Several 10s of GW of new wind plants may be added across the system, including areas that are relatively remote from major load centers. These plants will, to some extent, displace large central station thermal generation, both coal and gas-fired, which have traditionally helped maintain stability of these portions of the western system. Further, many additional 10s of GW of central station solar, both PV and CSP, and similar amounts of highly distributed, embedded PV are expected. This paper reports the results of a study that was specifically designed to investigate the transient stability and frequency response of the Western Interconnection (WI). Transient stability of major interfaces, especially the California-Oregon Interface as well as new paths out of the wind-rich north-eastern part of the interconnection, is explored. For frequency response, loss-of-generation events of the type targeted by NERC Standard BAL-003 Frequency Response and Bias, are evaluated. The investigation looks at heavy load and light spring conditions under possible future system conditions with high levels of wind and solar generation, and in comparison to current moderately high levels currently on the planning horizon. The main goals of this work were to: • create a realistic, baseline model of the WI for examining transient stability frequency response, with careful consideration of economic factors driving dispatch and unit commitment, • investigate the possible impact of large amounts of wind and solar generation, • test selected transient stability events and examine means to improve transient stability, and • illustrate overall system frequency response and examine means to improve frequency response, with the use of active power controls on wind and solar plants.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
