| Abstrakt: |
The electrical power systems in developing countries generally are dominated by rural electrification networks with low efficiency. To reach the rural areas, many power distribution feeders utilize a very long radial network structure. However, this type of structure causes a large voltage drop at the end of the feeder, combined with high energy losses along the distribution lines. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide a technical evaluation of new distribution feeder design, considering for instance distributed local renewable energy generation in order to increase the efficiency of the electrical power distribution system in developing countries. For this purpose, a representative 20 kV radial distribution feeder serving a rural area in Indonesia is modeled and simulated using the software tool PowerFactory. Load flow analysis on the feeder in present condition confirms that the voltage drop in the feeder is significant; it causes the feeder voltage level to drop below the allowable minimum level stated in the grid code. The feeder power losses are especially high at feeder peak load, which happens in the evening. Moreover, high reactive power flows in the feeder correspond to a very low feeder power factor. Three technical solutions with several scenarios are introduced in the feeder to improve the feeder efficiency by reducing the voltage drop and power losses, and correcting the feeder power factor. The first solution is using shunt capacitors to compensate the inductive reactive power, the second solution is implementing distributed photovoltaic generation to inject active and reactive power into the feeder, and the third solution is peak shaving which combines shunt capacitors and distributed photovoltaic generation with batteries to shave the feeder peak load and support the feeder efficiency. Based on the load flow analysis, the peak shaving is the only technical solution that is able to sufficiently support the feeder in order to comply with the grid code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
