| Abstrakt: |
The animal fauna of the Socotra Archipelago is influenced by three biogeographical regions, the Afrotropical, the Oriental and the Palaearctic. Consequently, the Archipelago shares faunal elements of these three regions in addition to unique endemic taxa. The ant fauna of Socotra Island was studied and is reviewed based on literature and newly collected material. In total, 28 species, belonging to 10 genera and four subfamilies, were collected from the main island. Eighteen of these (64%) are successful invasive species, seven are native (25%), and three are considered endemic (11%),Cardiocondyla longicepsSeifert,Monomorium elghazalyisp. nov. andMonomorium nimihilCollingwood et al. Two genera are recorded for the first time from the island,HypoponeraSantschi, andSyllophopsisSantschi. Ten species are recorded for the first time,Cardiocondyla mauritanicaForel,Cardiocondyla minutiorForel,Monomorium atomumForel,Monomorium dichroumForel,Monomorium exiguumForel,Pheidole pallidula(Nylander),Syllophopsis cryptobia(Santschi),Tetramorium pauperForel,Tetramorium transformansSantschi andHypoponera punctatissima(Roger). Ten invasive species are recorded from Socotra, reflecting human impacts on the Archipelago. These species areTapinoma melanocephalum(Fabricius),Cardiocondyla emeryiForel,Monomorium exiguumForel,Pheidole indicaMayr,Syllophopsis cryptobia(Santschi),Tetramorium lanuginosumMayr,Tetramorium simillimum(Smith),Tetramorium caldarium(Roger),Trichomyrmex destructor(Jerdon) andTrichomyrmex mayri(Forel). Our survey indicated a mixture of Afrotropical faunal elements (10 species, 36%), followed by cosmopolitan (nine species, 32%), Palaearctic (five species, 18%) and Oriental (four species, 14%) taxa. Two new synonyms ofMonomorium exiguumForel are proposed:Monomorium exiguumForel = Monomorium baushareCollingwood & Agosti syn. nov. = Monomorium qaraheCollingwood & Agosti syn. nov.Tetramorium transformansSantschi is removed from synonymy withTetramorium caldarium(Roger) and elevated to species rank. Ecological and biological notes for each species are given. Distribution maps for all species known from the Socotra Archipelago are provided. http://zoobank/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89612083-9CE6-48E8-8975-1CE5334E098B [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] |
