| Abstrakt: |
Land degradation is one of the most serious economical, social and ecological problems. In Kazakhstan the desertification (ecosystem degradation) is recognized as one of the key problems of the Republic. It is counted that in Kazakhstan there are 179,9 million hectares of the desertified land or about 66 percent of all territory of Kazakhstan are exposed to degradation processes. The main reason of desertification is cattle grazing. Due to the sharp falling of cattle livestock after 1992-1993, the pastures plant has been restored. The processes of rehabilitation of pastures and reduction of desertification have not been investigated yet. Therefore for the first time we have carried out the researches on the real situation of desertification of the territory from 2003 to 2016 on the external, easily observed sign - process of the vegetation rehabilitation. The received results can be accepted as the control, when assessing the level of degradation of the foothills of Kazakhstan. Besides, the obtained data can be taken into consideration in the processes of developing plans and prospects of economic and social development, schemes of land management, regional planning, territorial complex schemes for protection of the natural environment, working drafts of development or improvement of lands. Methods The rehabilitation processes are investigated by two methods: 1) mapping of microcenosis on the fixed profiles. On the profiles were assessed rehabilitation microcenosis in the communities, i.e. changes of the horizontal uniformity of the community - structure and nature of mosaicity. 2) assessment of changes on linear profiles - ecotones. In the method of ecotones separate methods of synchronous-phase indication are applied. The method of ecotones considerably reduces the time for carrying out ecological profiling, is rather effective for search forecasting and it is successfully applied by us in works on assessment of stability of ecosystems. Various materials - the published literature, maps and atlases, stock reports with schematic maps and thematic maps have been studied and analyzed. Besides, we used the data on social indicators in combination with physical and biological indicators as the processes studied with their help have the complex, interconnected character. The climatic indicators, relief, hydrographic network of the territory of Kurti district in Almaty region were considered when studying the dynamic processes taking place in the plant cover. When studying vegetation it was determined the species composition of communities, the projective covering of the soil with plants, the herbage height, its development and quantity of the control species of plants - degradation indicators. Besides, we plan to apply the remote sensing technology, effectively and regularly scanning the extensive territories by computer; the same territories can be selectively, more precisely studied on the earth. +++++++++++++++++++ Result The digression - demutation schemes are made on the results of soil-geobotanic researches and analysis of soil-geobotanic materials of researches of the previous years. It has been found out that nowadays in the strongly degraded pastures ecosystems there are intensive processes of restoration of the soil-vegetable components of ecosystems (about 80% of the degraded pastures were restored).Sharp reduction of the cattle livestock was evident in the processes of plant restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
