Association between routes of drug administration and all-cause mortality among drug users.
| Autor: | Onyeka, Ifeoma N., Basnet, Sushil, Beynon, Caryl M., Tiihonen, Jari, Föhr, Jaana, Kauhanen, Jussi |
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| Předmět: |
MORTALITY risk factors
INTRANASAL medication CHI-squared test COMMUNITY health services CONFIDENCE intervals FISHER exact test INTRAVENOUS therapy NARCOTICS ORAL drug administration PROBABILITY theory SUBSTANCE abuse CENTRAL nervous system stimulants PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers DATA analysis software DESCRIPTIVE statistics INHALATION administration ODDS ratio |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Substance Use; Dec2016, Vol. 21 Issue 6, p559-565, 7p |
| Abstrakt: | Mortality among drug users based upon routes of administration (ROA) is less studied. We examined deaths by ROA, and association between ROA and all-cause deaths. Data of 2766 primary users of opiates and stimulants who sought treatment in Helsinki, Finland, from 1997 to 2008 were linked to the national cause-of-death register. Cox regression models were used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for all-cause deaths, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There were statistically significant differences in all-cause deaths by ROA reported at baseline interview (p= 0.012): 12.7% (n= 251/1976) among intravenous (IV) drug users, 11.5% (n= 27/235) among oral users, 7.9% (n= 12/152) among smokers, 6.9% (n= 19/276) among snorters, and 16.5% (n= 21/127) among those with unspecified ROA. IV users died more from accidental overdose relative to other specified routes (p= 0.036). All nine HIV and all three hepatitis C deaths occurred among IV users. The hazard for all-cause death was lower among smokers compared to IV users (aHR: 0.52 (95%CI: 0.28–0.97) after adjusting for gender, homelessness, drug use behaviours, and psychiatric comorbidities present at baseline. Deaths occurred in all groups: drug users in general need to be educated that no route of drug administration is harmless. Preventive and intervention measures should target all ROA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: | Complementary Index |
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