| Abstrakt: |
Seasonal training and competition may result in symptoms of under recovery and decreases in performance. Decreases in muscular strength, power, and negative perceived recovery-stress scores have been suggested as possible markers of under recovery and symptoms of overtraining. PURPOSE: The intent of the present study was to examine the influence of a collegiate men's soccer season on drop jump performance characteristics: contact time (CT), flight time (FT), peak force (PF), relative peak force (RPF), rate of force development (RFD), jump height (JH), reactive strength index (RSI), and recovery-stress states (RESTQ-Sport). METHODS: Thirteen male NCAA Division I soccer players performed drop jump testing during the pre-season (T1), post pre-season (T2), beginning and end of conference play (T3&T4), and post-season (T5). The RESTQ-Sport questionnaire was completed pre-season (T1), during the season (T3 & T4), and post-season (T5). Participants were given the same instructions at each time point on how to properly answer the questionnaire. Total recovery-stress state, global recovery state, and global stress state was calculated from the RESTQ-Sport. After filling out the RESTQ-Sport each athlete performed a self selected general and specific dynamic warm-up before the drop jump test. Participants were given verbal instructions and visual demonstration on how to correctly perform the drop jump test. Two-drop jump trials were performed from a box height of 30cm onto two force plates; with a total size of 800×600mm and data was collected at 1000Hz. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in CT (p = 0.009), FT (p = 0.007), JH (p = 0.000), total recovery-stress score (p = 0.000), and global stress score (p = 0.000) across the season. A simple contrast revealed significant difference in CT at T4 (0.44 ± 0.10s; p = 0.042) compared to T1 (0.66 ± 0.40s). A simple contrast revealed significant differences in FT at T2 (0.57 ± 0.04s; p = 0.007), T3 (0.55 ± 0.05s; p = 0.001), T4 (0.54 ± 0.04s; p = 0.000), and T5 (0.54 ± 0.05s; p = 0.000) compared to T1 (0.59 ± 0.05s). A simple contrast revealed significant differences in JH at T2 (41.0 ± 6.8cm; p = 0.020), T3 (38.1 ± 7.2cm; p = 0.002), T4 (36.8 ± 5.7cm; p = 0.000), and T5 (36.7 ± 6.6cm; p = 0.000) compared to T1 (43.4 ± 6.8cm). A simple contrast revealed significant difference in total recovery-stress score at T3 (6.9 ± 7.5; p = 0.000), T4 (4.9 ± 8.4; p = 0.000), and T5 (9.9 ± 9.2; p = 0.000) compared to T1 (16.6 ± 8.8). A simple contrast revealed significant difference in global stress state at T3 (23.2 ± 6.0; p = 0.000), T4 (22.8 ± 5.8; p = 0.000), and T5 (18.8 ± 55; p = 0.032) compared to T1 (15.5 ± 4.3). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that a competitive collegiate soccer season reduced drop jump height and flight time. Based on the RESTQ-76 data this may have been the result of increased perceived stress which resulted in increases in the global stress score and reduced total recovery-stress scores. Practical Applications: Jump testing and the RESTQ-SPORT provide simple and quick measures to evaluate an athlete's response to training. The combination of these two tests could be easily incorporated into training programs to determine player readiness and recovery status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
