| Abstrakt: |
Logistic regression is widely used to estimate relative risks (odds ratios) from casecontrol studies, but when the study exposure is continuous, standard parametric models may not accurately characterize the exposureresponse curve. Semi-parametric generalized linear models provide a useful extension. In these models, the exposure of interest is modelled flexibly using a regression spline or a smoothing spline, while other variables are modelled using conventional methods. When coupled with a model-selection procedure based on minimizing a cross-validation score, this approach provides a non-parametric, objective, and reproducible method to characterize the exposureresponse curve by one or several models with a favourable biasvariance trade-off. We applied this approach to casecontrol data to estimate the doseresponse relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of oral cancer among African Americans. We did not find a uniquely best model, but results using linear, cubic, and smoothing splines were consistent: there does not appear to be a risk-free threshold for alcohol consumption vis-à-vis the development of oral cancer. This finding was not apparent using a standard step-function model. In our analysis, the cross-validation curve had a global minimum and also a local minimum. In general, the phenomenon of multiple local minima makes it more difficult to interpret the results, and may present a computational roadblock to non-parametric generalized additive models of multiple continuous exposures. Nonetheless, the semi-parametric approach appears to be a practical advance. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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