| Abstrakt: |
According to J.W. Gibbs, the number of independent components is the smallest number of those chemical components whose combination yields the compositions of all possible phases of a system; at the first stages of the development of the primary metabolism of a three-component C-H-O system, the source of energy for it consists of various hydrocarbons and molecular hydrogen. Under the Archean hydrothermal conditions via the energy of the chemical potential of phosphorus, the three-component C-H-O system was transformed into a four-component C-H-O-P system with the formation of gluconeogenesis, which became the basis for supplementing the protometabolism with energy and for the formation of a new cycle of CO fixation (the reductive pentose-phosphate pathway). It is shown that modular constructions of the central metabolism of the C-H-O-P system are formed from parageneses (associations) of certain substances, and the emerging modules, in turn, are in paragenesis with each other under definite physical and chemical hydrothermal conditions. Malate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, and phosphoenolpyruvate make up a reversible 'turnstile-like' mechanism for switching the direction of a reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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