Devices for the electrical stimulation of the olfactory system: A review.

Autor: Lipp C; Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS1, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: clementine.lipp@epfl.ch., Laamari L; Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS1, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland., Bertsch A; Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS1, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland., Podlesek D; Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Germany., Bensafi M; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1 Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69675, Bron, France., Hummel T; Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany., Brugger J; Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS1, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biosensors & bioelectronics [Biosens Bioelectron] 2025 Mar 01; Vol. 271, pp. 117063. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.117063
Abstrakt: The loss of olfactory function has a profound impact on quality of life, affecting not only sensory perception but also memory, emotion, and overall well-being. Despite this, advancements in olfactory prostheses have lagged significantly behind those made for vision and hearing restoration. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the current state of devices for electrical stimulation of the olfactory system. We begin by providing an overview of the olfactory system's structure and function, emphasizing the neural pathways involved in smell perception. Following this, we explore the key challenges associated with chronic implantation and electrical stimulation, material biocompatibility, inflammation risks, and ensuring long-term functionality and durability. A detailed analysis of existing neural stimulation devices-including ECoG, intracortical, and depth electrodes-is presented, assessing their potential for application in olfactory stimulation. We also discuss the limitations and pitfalls of current approaches and explore new emerging technologies aimed at overcoming these obstacles. A comprehensive literature review about the olfactory system electrical stimulation is reported, and results are analyzed to identify the most promising routes. Finally, the review highlights emerging technologies, ongoing research, and the ethical considerations associated with olfactory implants, along with future directions for developing more effective, safe, and durable solutions to restore the sense of smell for individuals with olfactory disorders.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: