Population Genomics of Adaptive Radiation.

Autor: Combrink LL; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA., Golcher-Benavides J; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.; Biology Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, USA., Lewanski AL; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., Rick JA; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA., Rosenthal WC; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.; Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA., Wagner CE; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.; Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular ecology [Mol Ecol] 2024 Dec 24, pp. e17574. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 24.
DOI: 10.1111/mec.17574
Abstrakt: Adaptive radiations are rich laboratories for exploring, testing, and understanding key theories in evolution and ecology because they offer spectacular displays of speciation and ecological adaptation. Particular challenges to the study of adaptive radiation include high levels of species richness, rapid speciation, and gene flow between species. Over the last decade, high-throughput sequencing technologies and access to population genomic data have lessened these challenges by enabling the analysis of samples from many individual organisms at whole-genome scales. Here we review how population genomic data have facilitated our knowledge of adaptive radiation in five key areas: (1) phylogenetics, (2) hybridization, (3) timing and rates of diversification, (4) the genomic basis of trait evolution, and (5) the role of genome structure in divergence. We review current knowledge in each area, highlight outstanding questions, and focus on methods that facilitate detection of complex patterns in the divergence and demography of populations through time. It is clear that population genomic data are revolutionising the ability to reconstruct evolutionary history in rapidly diversifying clades. Additionally, studies are increasingly emphasising the central role of gene flow, re-use of standing genetic variation during adaptation, and structural genomic elements as facilitators of the speciation process in adaptive radiations. We highlight hybridization-and the hypothesized processes by which it shapes diversification-and questions seeking to bridge the divide between microevolutionary and macroevolutionary processes as rich areas for future study. Overall, access to population genomic data has facilitated an exciting era in adaptive radiation research, with implications for deeper understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes across the tree of life.
(© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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