Schistosomiasis status and health impact in preschool-aged children in hard-to-reach areas and populations of Homa Bay County, Kenya.

Autor: Isaiah PM; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: phyllis.isaiah@swisstph.ch., Nyawanda B; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya., Okoyo C; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Informatics, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Oloo JO; Vector-borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit Ministry of Health, Kenya., Steinmann P; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2024 Dec 18; Vol. 261, pp. 107511. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107511
Abstrakt: Pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach communities is poorly understood, hampering tailored interventions. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, health impact, and risk factors for schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (PSAC) residing in hard-to-reach areas and populations of Homa Bay County, Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 476 PSAC aged 2-5 years across 6 islands in Lake Victoria, Homa Bay County, Kenya. Kato-Katz and urine filtration techniques diagnosed Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections respectively. Fecal occult blood (FOB) was tested to assess morbidity, and questionnaires captured sociodemographic and household water, sanitation, and hygiene data. Logistic regression models explored risk factors. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 26.0 %, varying considerably between islands; Ringiti had the highest prevalence (62.1 %), while Sukru had the lowest (7.7 %). No S. haematobium infections were diagnosed. Light infections were most common (15.4 %), followed by moderate (8.5 %) and heavy infections (2.2 %). Significantly increased odds for infection were observed in children aged four (aOR = 4.4, 95 % CI: 1.7-11.2) and five years (aOR = 5.6, 95 % CI: 2.2-14.5), in girls (aOR = 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.3-4.8), and in children living in Ringiti (aOR = 6.1, 95 % CI: 1.8-15.0). We noted a strong association between S. mansoni infection and FOB (aOR= 3.3, 95 % CI: 1.6-7.0). We found a high burden of schistosomiasis among PSAC in hard-to-reach communities of Homa Bay County, emphasizing the urgent need to include them in control programs. FOB could be a promising indicator for assessing schistosomiasis-related morbidity in this age group.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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