Groundwater electro-bioremediation via diffuse electro-conductive zones: A critical review.

Autor:	Aulenta F; Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Montelibretti (RM), Italy., Tucci M; Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Montelibretti (RM), Italy., Cruz Viggi C; Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Montelibretti (RM), Italy., Milia S; Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy., Hosseini S; Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Farru G; Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Sethi R; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering & Clean Water Center, CWC, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy., Bianco C; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering & Clean Water Center, CWC, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy., Tosco T; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering & Clean Water Center, CWC, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy., Ioannidis M; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering & Clean Water Center, CWC, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada., Zanaroli G; Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Ruffo R; Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy., Santoro C; Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy., Marzocchi U; Center for Water Technology WATEC, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center for Electromicrobiology CEM, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Cassiani G; Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy., Peruzzo L; Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental science and ecotechnology [Environ Sci Ecotechnol] 2024 Nov 24; Vol. 23, pp. 100516. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 24 (Print Publication: 2025).
DOI:	10.1016/j.ese.2024.100516
Abstrakt:	Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) can remove a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated groundwater. However, despite significant laboratory-scale successes over the past decade, field-scale applications remain limited. We hypothesize that enhancing the electrochemical conductivity of the soil surrounding electrodes could be a groundbreaking and cost-effective alternative to deploying numerous high-surface-area electrodes in short distances. This could be achieved by injecting environmentally safe iron- or carbon-based conductive (nano)particles into the aquifer. Upon transport and deposition onto soil grains, these particles create an electrically conductive zone that can be exploited to control and fine-tune the delivery of electron donors or acceptors over large distances, thereby driving the process more efficiently. Beyond extending the radius of influence of electrodes, these diffuse electro-conductive zones (DECZ) could also promote the development of syntrophic anaerobic communities that degrade contaminants via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). In this review, we present the state-of-the-art in applying conductive materials for MET and DIET-based applications. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical properties of candidate electrochemically conductive materials and related injection strategies suitable for field-scale implementation. Finally, we illustrate and critically discuss current and prospective electrochemical and geophysical methods for measuring soil electronic conductivity-both in the laboratory and in the field-before and after injection practices, which are crucial for determining the extent of DECZ. This review article provides critical information for a robust design and in situ implementation of groundwater electro-bioremediation processes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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