Perfluoroalkyl chemical adsorption by granular activated carbon: Assessment of particle size impact on equilibrium parameters and associated rapid small-scale column test scaling assumptions.

Autor: Abulikemu G; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA., Pressman JG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Sorial GA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA., Sanan TT; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Haupert LM; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Burkhardt JB; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Smith SJ; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Kleiner EJ; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA., Stebel EK; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA., Gray BN; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA., Gastaldo CX; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA., Hughes EW; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA., Pedigo SG; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA., Wahman DG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Electronic address: wahman.david@epa.gov.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Water research [Water Res] 2024 Dec 13; Vol. 271, pp. 122977. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 13.
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122977
Abstrakt: Single-solute batch kinetic and isotherm experiments were conducted in Type 1 (18.2 MΩ·cm resistivity) water supplemented with 10 mM carbonate buffer (pH 7.75, 25 °C) for nine drinking water relevant perfluoroalkyl chemicals and three bituminous-coal based granular activated carbons (GACs). Except for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), mass transfer was well represented by a film diffusion model, which estimated a film diffusion coefficient (k L ). For PFOS, a batch pore and surface diffusion model better represented the data and allowed estimation of both k L and a surface diffusion coefficient (D s ). Adsorption was well described by the Freundlich isotherm, and for a given perfluoroalkyl chemical at equilibrium, the three GACs showed similar solid phase density (q e ) for a given liquid concentration (c e ). For each GAC and at c e ≤ 1000 ng/L, log q e increased linearly with perfluoroalkyl chemical carbon chain length for both perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). GenX, a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid containing six carbon atoms, showed similar adsorption with the PFCA perfluorohexanoic acid. The impact of particle size (d P ) on kinetic and isotherm parameters was investigated: (i) for PFOS, D s increased with increasing d P , with some overlap in confidence intervals; (ii) for PFSAs, Freundlich K f and 1/n showed decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, with increasing d P . Potential implications of the d P impact were explored with PFOS breakthrough simulations under different rapid small-scale column test conditions where carbon usage rate estimations varied by -49 % to 6 % from the baseline simulation, depending on the d P and scaling approach.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: