Bioprinting extracellular vesicles as a "cell-free" regenerative medicine approach.

Autor:	Jiao K; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia., Liu C; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia., Basu S; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia., Raveendran N; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia., Nakano T; Hokkaido University, Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), N21 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan., Ivanovski S; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia., Han P; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Dentistry, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids [Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids] 2023 May 23; Vol. 4 (2), pp. 218-239. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 23 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.20517/evcna.2023.19
Abstrakt:	Regenerative medicine involves the restoration of tissue or organ function via the regeneration of these structures. As promising regenerative medicine approaches, either extracellular vesicles (EVs) or bioprinting are emerging stars to regenerate various tissues and organs (i.e., bone and cardiac tissues). Emerging as highly attractive cell-free, off-the-shelf nanotherapeutic agents for tissue regeneration, EVs are bilayered lipid membrane particles that are secreted by all living cells and play a critical role as cell-to-cell communicators through an exchange of EV cargos of protein, genetic materials, and other biological components. 3D bioprinting, combining 3D printing and biology, is a state-of-the-art additive manufacturing technology that uses computer-aided processes to enable simultaneous patterning of 3D cells and tissue constructs in bioinks. Although developing an effective system for targeted EVs delivery remains challenging, 3D bioprinting may offer a promising means to improve EVs delivery efficiency with controlled loading and release. The potential application of 3D bioprinted EVs to regenerate tissues has attracted attention over the past few years. As such, it is timely to explore the potential and associated challenges of utilizing 3D bioprinted EVs as a novel "cell-free" alternative regenerative medicine approach. In this review, we describe the biogenesis and composition of EVs, and the challenge of isolating and characterizing small EVs - sEVs (< 200 nm). Common 3D bioprinting techniques are outlined and the issue of bioink printability is explored. After applying the following search strategy in PubMed: "bioprinted exosomes" or "3D bioprinted extracellular vesicles", eight studies utilizing bioprinted EVs were found that have been included in this scoping review. Current studies utilizing bioprinted sEVs for various in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration applications, including angiogenesis, osteogenesis, immunomodulation, chondrogenesis and myogenesis, are discussed. Finally, we explore the current challenges and provide an outlook on possible refinements for bioprinted sEVs applications. Competing Interests: All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest. (© The Author(s) 2023.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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