A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development.

Autor: Vacarezza C; Medical Public Health Residency Program, School of Public Health Dr. Salvador Allende, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, Chile.; Servicio de Salud del Reloncavi, Esmeralda 269, Puerto Montt, Chile., Araneda J; Public Health Program, School of Public Health Dr. Salvador Allende, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Faculty of Health and Odontology, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile., Gonzalez P; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150, Santiago, Chile., Arteaga O; School of Public Health Dr. Salvador Allende, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Marcelain K; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile University of Chile, Santiago, Chile., Castellon EA; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile University of Chile, Santiago, Chile., Periera A; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile., Khoury M; Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.; IMPACT- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile., Müller B; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Center for Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Santiago, Chile.; Chilean Cooperative Group for Oncological Research (GOCCHI), Santiago, Chile.; National Cancer Institute, Santiago, Chile., Lecaros JA; Bioethics and Law Observatory, Institute of Sciences and Innovation in Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile., Salas SP; Center for Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Santiago, Chile., Riquelme A; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Corvalan AH; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (FONDAP-ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., de la Jara JJ; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Ferreccio C; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Goic C; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; National Cancer Commission, Santiago, Chile., Nervi B; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; National Cancer Commission, Santiago, Chile., Roa JC; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; National Cancer Commission, Santiago, Chile.; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Owen GI; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150, Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.; Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (FONDAP-CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.; Chilean Cooperative Group for Oncological Research (GOCCHI), Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (FONDAP-ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. gowen@bio.puc.cl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biological research [Biol Res] 2024 Dec 18; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 95. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 18.
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00574-2
Abstrakt: Introduction: Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.
Objectives: Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care.
Methods: Triangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders.
Results: Governmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing.
Conclusions: The cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: MK is the Chief scientific officer from Cells for Cells, a university spin-off developing cell therapies for Osteoarthritis, and Regenero, a consortium for Chilean regenerative medicine (public and private funding), for autoimmune diseases. The other authors declare that no conflicts of interest are present. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain interventional research on human or animal subjects. Consent for publication: This article has been read and approved for publication by all authors.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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