Development of a tool to assess the compliance of cafeteria menus with the Mediterranean Diet.

Autor: Silva SS; GreenUPorto/Inov4Agro, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, n.º 823, Porto, 4150-180, Portugal., Rocha A; GreenUPorto/Inov4Agro, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, n.º 823, Porto, 4150-180, Portugal., Ferreira L; GreenUPorto/Inov4Agro, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, n.º 823, Porto, 4150-180, Portugal., Neto B; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.0.1 Parque das Nações, Lisboa, 1990-096, Portugal., Dikmen D; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Türkiye Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Ankara, Türkiye, Turkey., Filipec SV; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia., Satalic Z; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia., Viegas C; H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.0.1 Parque das Nações, Lisboa, 1990-096, Portugal. claudia.viegas@estesl.ipl.pt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC nutrition [BMC Nutr] 2024 Dec 18; Vol. 10 (1), pp. 163. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 18.
DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00975-2
Abstrakt: Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns, and an excellent model of sustainability. Higher Education food services present an excellent scenario to encourage students healthy eating habits and modulate food choices. The purpose of this work was to develop an index to evaluate MD compliance with cafeteria menus.
Methods: Three major axes were considered: MD key points, existing indexes on individual adherence to the MD and, existing indexes on menu assessment. The index includes four levels: (I) assesses the availability (IA), variety and frequency (IB) of food; (II) evaluates menu's nutritional quality; (III) assesses the menu's quality through information provided in the dishes' technical specifications and (IV) allows a more detailed evaluation through on-site visits and documentation consultation. The components receive a score between - 2 and 3, according to the given answers. The final score may vary between - 33.5 and 41.5 points depending on the degree of compliance with the MD key points. The index was applied to 60 menus from different contexts using complete assessments of each menu, performed independently by 3 researchers, using the same pre-prepared Microsoft Excel ® spreadsheet. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha.
Results: Assessment for level I) returned a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.92 (p < 0.05) and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. Dimension I is mostly influenced by subdimension IB (r = 0,97). The availability of non-starchy vegetables and fresh fruits has a stronger correlation with IA (availability of foods), and higher availability of fish, pulses and fruit has a strong positive correlation with IB (variety and frequency of foods).
Conclusion: Researchers believe that the index is a useful tool to assess compliance of menus to the MD and help identify the key points that need to be addressed and improved in cafeterias.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science of the University of Porto (126/2023/CEFCNAUP). Consent for publication: Authors consent to the publication of the paper. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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