Prenatal inflammation and trauma symptoms in Latina mothers: The role of discrimination and growing up in an ethnic minoritized context.
| Autor: | Alvarado-Harris R; School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States., Perreira K; Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States., Woods-Giscombe CL; School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States., Mills-Koonce WR; School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States., Santos HP Jr; The University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Florida, United States. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Brain, behavior, & immunity - health [Brain Behav Immun Health] 2024 Nov 24; Vol. 43, pp. 100914. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 24 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100914 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: The race-based traumatic stress model proposes that discrimination elicits trauma-related symptoms. Cumulative discriminatory experiences and subsequent trauma symptoms may lead to prenatal inflammation, with far reaching consequences for the health of a mother and her child. Methods: Latina mothers, primarily of Mexican and Central American heritage ( n = 150), completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale and the Traumatic Avoidance subscale of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II during pregnancy (24-32 weeks). Plasma levels of cytokines were measured with multiplex assays, which were aggregated into a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-8) after a Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported this approach. Results: Latina mothers who grew up in the US reported more discrimination, more traumatic avoidance symptoms, and had a more elevated cytokine profile than those who immigrated after childhood. Based on a two-mediator sequential model, discrimination and traumatic avoidance symptoms sequentially provided mechanistic support for the higher levels of cytokines observed in mothers who grew up in the US. Additionally, mothers who experienced trauma symptoms in response to discrimination had an elevated cytokine profile, whereas those who did not had a suppressed cytokine profile. Conclusion: This is among the first studies to examine the association between trauma symptoms, discrimination, and inflammation during pregnancy. In so doing, it elucidates critical pathways by which discrimination may be differentially biologically embedded across immigrant generations. Emotional responses to and chronicity of discrimination may be critical factors for understanding how experiences of discrimination may influence the maternal inflammatory milieu. Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hudson P Santos Jr reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100000002National Institutes of Health. Rebeca Alvarado-Harris reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100000002National Institutes of Health. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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