Breaking Down Bone Disease in People Living with HIV: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Autor:	Hasenmajer V; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. valeria.hasenmajer@uniroma1.it., D'Addario NF; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Bonaventura I; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Sada V; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Nardi C; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Jannini EA; Endocrinology and Medical Sexology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., D'Ettorre G; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Mastroianni C; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Gianfrilli D; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. daniele.gianfrilli@uniroma1.it.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Advances in experimental medicine and biology [Adv Exp Med Biol] 2024 Dec 13. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 13.
DOI:	10.1007/5584_2024_831
Abstrakt:	Bone health in people living with HIV (PLWH) has emerged as a significant concern in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). While ART has transformed HIV infection into a chronic condition, it has also unmasked long-term health complications, including an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. This review aims to elucidate the multifactorial mechanisms contributing to bone health deterioration in PLWH, such as direct viral effects, immune activation, and ART-induced bone metabolism changes. We examine the current evidence on bone mineral density (BMD) reductions and the heightened fracture risk in this population. Furthermore, we evaluate diagnostic and management strategies, including radiological and non-radiological evaluations, vitamin D optimization, bisphosphonates, and other emerging treatments, to provide a comprehensive overview of effective interventions. By synthesizing the latest research, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of bone health issues in PLWH and guide clinicians in implementing strategies to mitigate these risks, ultimately improving patient outcomes. (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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