Webcams as Windows to the Mind? A Direct Comparison Between In-Lab and Web-Based Eye-Tracking Methods.

Autor:	Slim MS; Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Kandel M; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA., Yacovone A; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Linguistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Snedeker J; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science [Open Mind (Camb)] 2024 Nov 22; Vol. 8, pp. 1369-1424. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 22 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1162/opmi_a_00171
Abstrakt:	There is a growing interest in the use of webcams to conduct eye-tracking experiments over the internet. We assessed the performance of two webcam-based eye-tracking techniques for behavioral research: manual annotation of webcam videos ( manual eye-tracking ) and the automated WebGazer eye-tracking algorithm. We compared these methods to a traditional infrared eye-tracker and assessed their performance in both lab and web-based settings. In both lab and web experiments, participants completed the same battery of five tasks, selected to trigger effects of various sizes: two visual fixation tasks and three visual world tasks testing real-time (psycholinguistic) processing effects. In the lab experiment, we simultaneously collected infrared eye-tracking, manual eye-tracking, and WebGazer data; in the web experiment, we simultaneously collected manual eye-tracking and WebGazer data. We found that the two webcam-based methods are suited to capture different types of eye-movement patterns. Manual eye-tracking, similar to infrared eye-tracking, detected both large and small effects. WebGazer, however, showed less accuracy in detecting short, subtle effects. There was no notable effect of setting for either method. We discuss the trade-offs researchers face when choosing eye-tracking methods and offer advice for conducting eye-tracking experiments over the internet. Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests. (© 2024 Mieke Sarah Slim, Margaret Kandel, Anthony Yacovone, and Jesse Snedeker.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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