Biliary microbiome and gallstones: A silent friendship.
| Autor: | Banerjee T; Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi 221005, India., Goswami AG; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, Rishikesh 249203, India., Basu S; Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, Rishikesh 249203, India. sombasu@hotmail.com. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | World journal of gastrointestinal surgery [World J Gastrointest Surg] 2024 Nov 27; Vol. 16 (11), pp. 3395-3399. |
| DOI: | 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i11.3395 |
| Abstrakt: | With increasing evidence, the biliary tract and the gallbladder mucosa are no longer considered sterile environments devoid of bacteria. Rather a profound biofilm of resident bacterial flora is associated with the mucosal surface. The bile too harbors a resident flora. It is when a dysbiotic process ensues, that this bacterial flora either becomes opportunist or is replaced by a pathogenic one that has a strong ability to survive the challenges of the biliary environment. Although once believed a metabolic problem, recent evidence indicates a complex interaction between different species of bacteria and gallbladder mucosa and bile which may culminate in calculus formation. The resident microbiota and its several enzymes dictate the type of gallstone by the mere interplay of the constituting type of bacteria in the biofilm, even without any evidence of infection. Dysbiosis is often mediated by either intestinal dysbiosis or less probably by oral dysbiosis. The gallstones, in turn, provide a haven for the resident microbiota in which they can form their own defined niche enriched with the biofilm that can resist the biliary defense mechanisms and survive the hostile biliary environment in the background of biliary stasis and local infection. However, this process of silent friendship is more complex than said, and further research is needed to define the relationship between the two. Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest with any individual (s) or any organization. (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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