| Autor: |
Williams KC; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Nto NJ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Extramural Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria., van Vuren EJ; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa., Sallie FN; Wits Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Molebatsi K; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Kroneberg KS; Western Cape Department of Health, False Bay District Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa., Roomaney AA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Extramural Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa., Salie M; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa., Womersley JS; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Extramural Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. |
| Abstrakt: |
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. While considerable research has investigated PTSD in adults, little is known about the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to its onset, development, and persistence in youth. Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify longitudinal studies examining factors associated with PTSD status and symptom severity in children and adolescents. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, yielding 24 eligible studies after screening. Results: The included studies identified various biological factors associated with paediatric PTSD, including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain structural alterations, and physiological markers such as heart rate. Psychological factors, including depression, trauma appraisals, coping styles, and cognitive deficits predicted PTSD symptom development. Social factors included parental PTSD, family environment, and cultural influences. Many studies highlighted the importance of the interplay between these biological, psychological, and social factors in the manifestation of PTSD in youth. Conclusion: This review synthesises evidence that PTSD development in youth is influenced by a complex array of neurobiological vulnerabilities, psychological processes, and environmental factors. Longitudinal, multi-dimensional studies are needed to further elucidate personalised risk profiles and trajectories, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies for PTSD in youth. |
