Calcium chloride supplementation in sows: Enhancing farrowing efficiency and piglet viability during transition period.

Autor: Ruampatana J; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Suwimonteerabutr J; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand., Yamsrikaew U; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Rukklang P; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Nuntapaitoon M; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: Morakot.n@chula.ac.th.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Theriogenology [Theriogenology] 2024 Nov 27; Vol. 234, pp. 34-41. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.11.017
Abstrakt: High-prolific sows have a high incidence of stillbirth and asphyxiated piglets due to calcium deficiencies. Calcium is important for enhancing farrowing efficacy and colostrum production. Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), an acidogenic compound that lowers dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD), promotes calcium mobilization, thereby mitigating the risk of calcium deficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of CaCl 2 supplementation in sows during the transition period in working and non-working hours on sow performances, colostrum quantity and quality, urine pH, serum total calcium, and piglet characteristics. A total of 58 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows and 382 piglets from a commercial swine farm in Thailand were included in the study. These sows were classified into two groups. Control (n = 29) were fed a standard lactation diet without a supplement and CaCl 2 (n = 29) received the same quantity of standard lactation diet with 25 g/day of CaCl 2 from day 109 of gestation until 7 days after farrowing (13.8 ± 0.3 days). The sow performances and farrowing time classified as either during working hours (WH) or non-working hours (NWH) were recorded. The piglet characteristics were classified based on birth order: i.e., 1-7 (n = 182) and ≥8 (n = 200). On average, the total number of piglets born per litter (TB) and the number of piglets born alive per litter (BA) were 15.0 ± 3.2 and 13.5 ± 2.9 piglets/litter, respectively. During NWH, CaCl 2 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets per litter (SB) than Control group (5.5 ± 2.0 % vs. 13.9 ± 2.1 %, P = 0.030). While no difference was observed during WH (4.9 ± 2.4 % vs. 3.8 ± 2.2 %, P = 0.988). After supplementation with CaCl 2 for 4 days, CaCl 2 group had a lower urine pH than Control group (5.2 ± 0.1 vs. 6.3 ± 0.1, P < 0.001) but did not differ in the serum total calcium and colostrum quantity and quality (P > 0.05). The piglets in CaCl 2 group required less farrowing assistance than those in Control group, particularly among piglets with birth order 1-7 (17.9 ± 5.7 % vs. 33.9 ± 5.3 %, P = 0.042). The incidence of broken umbilical cord was also lower in CaCl 2 than in Control groups (P < 0.001), with a reduction in birth order 1-7 (30.1 ± 5.8 % vs. 61.1 ± 5.5 %, P < 0.001) and birth order ≥8 (48.2 ± 6.0 % vs. 65.4 ± 5.4 %, P = 0.034). Similarly, the incidence of meconium staining was lower in CaCl 2 than in Control groups (P < 0.001), with a reduction in birth order 1-7 (28.9 ± 6.7 % vs. 70.2 ± 6.2 %, P < 0.001) and birth order ≥8 (63.4 ± 6.8 % vs. 89.2 ± 6.2 %, P = 0.005). In conclusion, CaCl 2 supplementation in sows during the transition period significantly reduces SB, particularly during NWH and improves piglet characteristics at birth.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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