Morphological and physiological responses of Momordica charantia to heavy metals and nutrient toxicity in contaminated water.

Autor: Batool N; Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan., Munazir M; Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan. mehmooda.munazir@gcwus.edu.pk., Qureshi R; Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan., Anwar T; Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. tauseef.anwar@iub.edu.pk., Qureshi H; Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan. huma.qureshi@uoc.edu.pk., Saba I; Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan., Ikram S; Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan.; Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia., Ullah N; Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29220, Pakistan., Soufan W; Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia., Zaman W; Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. wajidzaman@yu.ac.kr.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Dec 04; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 30200. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 04.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80234-3
Abstrakt: This study investigates the impact of industrial wastewater from leather, household, and marble sources on the growth, physiological traits, and biochemical responses of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). Industrial activities often lead to the release of contaminated effluents, which can significantly affect plant health and agricultural productivity. Water analysis revealed that leather effluent contained high concentrations of heavy metals, including cadmium (2.67 mg/L), lead (1.95 mg/L), and nickel (1.02 mg/L), all of which exceeded the recommended safety limits for irrigation. Seed germination was significantly reduced, with only 45% germination in seeds irrigated with leather effluent, compared to 90% in the control group. Similarly, in plants treated with leather wastewater, shoot length, and root length were reduced by 38% and 42%. Chlorophyll content showed a marked decline, with chlorophyll "a" reduced by 25% and chlorophyll "b" by 30% in wastewater-treated plants, indicating impaired photosynthetic activity. Antioxidant enzyme activity, including catalase and superoxide dismutase, increased by up to 40%, reflecting a stress response to heavy metal toxicity. These findings highlight that industrial wastewater severely disrupts plant metabolic processes, leading to stunted growth and physiological stress. To safeguard crop productivity and food security, stringent wastewater treatment protocols must be implemented to mitigate environmental contamination. Future research should focus on developing advanced remediation techniques and sustainable wastewater management practices to reduce heavy metal toxicity and enhance soil health.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: We all declare that manuscript reporting studies do not involve any human participants, human data, or human tissue. So, it is not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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