Psychological antecedents of vaccine inequity: keys to improve the rates of vaccination.

Autor: Hussein MF; Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. hiph-mohamedfakhry@alexu.edu.eg., Ibrahim SA; Biostatistics and Demography Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdel-Rahman S; Biostatistics and Demography Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Elshabrawy A; Biostatistics and Demography Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Nasr HAA; Parasitology and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Amran University, Sanaa, Yemen., Yazbek S; Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon., Jabbar A; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Punjab), 54600, Pakistan., Albadri CT; Dnipro Medical Institute of Traditional and Non-Traditional Medicine, Dublin, Ireland., Alsanafi M; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait., Aji N; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco., Youssef N; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Hammad HM; Al-Mana General Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan., Abdullah FSA; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Elrewany E; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Tahoun MM; Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Tolba M; Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health and Population, Faiyum, Egypt., Abo Salama MK; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt., Ghazy RM; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [J Egypt Public Health Assoc] 2024 Dec 04; Vol. 99 (1), pp. 31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Dec 04.
DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00175-7
Abstrakt: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) stresses the importance of worldwide vaccine coverage of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) vaccination. This study fills a critical gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and inequity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study investigated the determinants of psychological antecedents and other factors behind COVID-19 vaccination and their role in vaccine coverage in MENA.
Methods: An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted in 11 MENA countries (Egypt, Sudan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Libya, Afghanistan, and Pakistan). The minimum required sample size from each country was 307, which was increased to 330 to accommodate a non-response rate of 7%. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to capture the clustering of observations in each country and estimate the explanatory variables' effects on each item of the 5C components of the psychological antecedents scale namely (confidence, constraints, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility).
Results: The total number of respondents was 3630, 40.5% of them were between the ages of 18 and 25 years, 61.1% were females, 54.0% completed university education, 55.8% were unmarried, 19.5% had chronic diseases, 43.7% reported a previous COVID-19 and 42.4% had relatives who died from COVID-19. Much of the variation in the log of the odds in each item of the 5Cs was due to heterogeneity between different countries (intraclass correlation > 0.05). Therefore, this variability confirms the various effects of psychological antecedents on vaccination coverage, stimulating vaccination inequity among them. Increasing confidence in vaccines and collective responsibility towards relatives and the community is related to increasing acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The reduction in complacency, calculations, and constraints was found to be associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Conclusions: This study is novel in shedding light on the importance of psychological determinants as hidden causes of vaccine inequities by using a multilevel logistic regression model for COVID-19 vaccination intention. The findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing socio-demographic factors, psychological antecedents, and accessibility barriers are essential to mitigate vaccine inequity and improve vaccination rates.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Faculty of Medicine at Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (IRB No. 00012098/FWA No. 00018699, Date: 15/9/2022). The purpose of the study and related ethical considerations were stated on the electronic questionnaire cover page. The participants were informed that they had full autonomy to accept or refuse to participate in this study because their participation was voluntary. They were also informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. They were assured that the obtained data would be used only for research purposes and that their data would be confidential. Identified personal information was not collected and the survey was anonymous. To obtain written consent, participants were asked to agree to participate in the study before starting the questionnaire. By clicking “I accept,” they gave their consent, and their answer was recorded. After agreeing, they were then directed to the questionnaire. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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