COVID-19 vaccination survey and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in a human cohort from Schistosoma mansoni -endemic villages in Mayuge District, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.
| Autor: | Niu M; Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China., Mu Y; Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Adriko M; Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda., Candia R; Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda., Jones MK; Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., McManus DP; Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Egwang TG; Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Med Biotech Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda., Cai P; Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2024 Nov 18; Vol. 12, pp. 1437063. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 18 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1437063 |
| Abstrakt: | Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in devastating health and economic consequences worldwide. Vaccination has been a central pillar for COVID-19 prevention and control. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of helminth infections on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses and vaccine efficacy is crucial to the development and deployment of effective vaccination strategies in low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of worms. Methods: In September 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey in five Schistosoma mansoni endemic villages in Mayuge District, Uganda ( n = 450). The prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths was determined by the Kato-Katz (KK) technique on two stool samples collected from each participant. A subset of individuals ( n = 204) were interviewed in a COVID-19 vaccination survey. IgG levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 subunit (anti-S1 IgG) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in collected serum samples. Results: The overall schistosomiasis and hookworm prevalence rates in the five villages were 36.4% (166/450) and 36.9% (168/450), respectively. Within the cohort, 69.78% (314/450) of the subjects had a positive anti-S1 IgG response. COVID-19 vaccination coverage among the interviewed participants was 93.14% (190/204; 95% CI, 88.8% - 95.9%). However, 81% (154/190) of COVID-19 vaccinees had an anti-S1 IgG titre ≤200. In an adolescent group receiving a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine ( n = 23), an inverse correlation was observed between anti-S1 IgG antibody level/titre and faecal egg count. Within the above group, anti-S1 IgG levels/titres were significantly lower in subjects with moderate or heavy S. mansoni infection ( n = 5) than those in KK-negative individuals ( n = 9). Conclusion: Although the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination was high, the majority of participants received only a single vaccine dose and the overall anti-S1 IgG titres in confirmed vaccinees were low. Moderate-to-heavy schistosome infections blunted the antibody responses following vaccination with a single dose of BNT162b2. These observations confirm the necessity for a second COVID-19 vaccine dose for two-dose primary immunization series and call for implementation research that may inform the development of a 'treat and vaccinate' policy during vaccination roll-out in regions with heavy worm burdens. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationship that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Niu, Mu, Adriko, Candia, Jones, McManus, Egwang and Cai.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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