A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor.

Autor: Wang H; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Tiwari KL; MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA., Jacobs K; DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA.; Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA., Judy M; Analog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA., Zhang X; Analog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA., Englund DR; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. englund@mit.edu., Trusheim ME; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. matthew.e.trusheim.civ@army.mil.; DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA. matthew.e.trusheim.civ@army.mil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2024 Nov 28; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 10320. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 28.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54333-8
Abstrakt: Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/ Hz around 15 kHz in ambient conditions. We then discuss the implications of this approach for the design of future magnetometers, including near-projection-limited devices approaching 3 fT/ Hz sensitivity enabled by spin refrigeration.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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