| Autor: |
Dutta S; Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates.; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates., Sengupta P; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates., Mottola F; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy., Das S; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India., Hussain A; School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Dubai 345050, United Arab Emirates., Ashour A; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates., Rocco L; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy., Govindasamy K; ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Guwahati 781017, India., Rosas IM; Citmer Reproductive Medicine, Mexico City 11520, Mexico., Roychoudhury S; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India. |
| Abstrakt: |
The correlation between epigenetic alterations and the pathophysiology of human infertility is progressively being elucidated with the discovery of an increasing number of target genes that exhibit altered expression patterns linked to reproductive abnormalities. Several genes and molecules are emerging as important for the future management of human infertility. In men, microRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-34c, miR-34b, and miR-122 regulate apoptosis, sperm production, and germ cell survival, while other factors, such as miR-449 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), influence testicular health, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. In women, miR-100-5p, miR-483-5p, and miR-486-5p are linked to ovarian reserve, PCOS, and conditions like endometriosis. Mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin restructuring, and the influence of these non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules have been identified as potential perturbators of normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis processes. In fact, alteration of these key regulators of epigenetic processes can lead to reproductive disorders such as defective spermatogenesis, failure of oocyte maturation and embryonic development alteration. One of the primary factors contributing to changes in the key epigenetic regulators appear to be oxidative stress, which arises from environmental exposure to toxic substances or unhealthy lifestyle choices. This evidence-based study, retracing the major epigenetic processes, aims to identify and discuss the main epigenetic biomarkers of male and female fertility associated with an oxidative imbalance, providing future perspectives in the diagnosis and management of infertile couples. |
