Born high, born fast: Does highland birth confer a pulmonary advantage for sea level endurance?

Autor: Paris HL; Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA., Baranauskas MN; Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA., Constantini K; Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Shei RJ; Indiana University Alumni Association, Bloomington, Indiana, USA., Allen PE; Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA., Jadovitz JR; Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA., Wiggins CC; Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., Storm CP; Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Experimental physiology [Exp Physiol] 2024 Nov 22. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 22.
DOI: 10.1113/EP091830
Abstrakt: Less than 7% of the world's population live at an altitude above 1500 m. Yet, as many as 67% of medalists in the 2020 men's and women's Olympic marathon, and 100% of medalists in the 2020 men's and women's Olympic 5000 m track race may have been born or raised above this otherwise rare threshold. As a possible explanation, research spanning nearly a quarter of a century demonstrates that indigenous highlanders exhibit pulmonary adaptations distinct from their lowland counterparts. These adaptations may then promote endurance performance. Indeed, healthy indigenous highlanders often exhibit a larger aerobic exercise capacity compared to sea-level residents who travel to high altitude. However, questions remain on whether high-altitude birth is advantageous for sea-level competitions. In this review, we ask whether being born at a high altitude generates an ergogenic advantage for endurance performance in the Summer Olympics-a venue that is generally held at sea level. In so doing, we distinguish between three groups of high-altitude residents: (i) the indigenous highlander, (ii) the highland newcomer, and (iii) the highland sojourner. Concentrating specifically on altitude-induced alterations to pulmonary physiology beginning in the perinatal period, we propose that if altitude-related maladaptations are avoided, genomic and developmental alterations accompanying highland birth may present benefits for endurance competitions at sea level.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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