Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Promoter Gene Methylation in Urine-Derived DNA: A Non-invasive Biomarker for Early Bladder Cancer Detection and Tumor Aggressiveness.

Autor:	Aqerrout M; Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, MAR., Mharrach I; Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, MAR., Anouar Tadlaoui K; Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, MAR., Laraqui A; Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, MAR.; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR.; Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Royal School of Military Health Service, Rabat, MAR., Tagajdid MR; Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, MAR.; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR.; Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Royal School of Military Health Service, Rabat, MAR., Ennibi K; Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, MAR.; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MAR., Ennaji MM; Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, MAR.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Oct 21; Vol. 16 (10), pp. e72055. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 21 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.72055
Abstrakt:	Background Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to the high frequency of disease relapse and the lack of efficient endoscopic diagnostic methods. This study aimed to address this clinical gap by evaluating the potential of using adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene promoter methylation as a biomarker detectable in urine DNA of individuals with BLCA. Methods Methylation-specific PCR was used to determine the methylation status of the APC promoter gene in 50 bladder carcinoma patients and 50 apparently healthy individuals. Electrophoresis on agarose gel was performed for the detection of PCR products. Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel, SPSS, and Python to assess correlations and significance. Results APC promoter methylation was detected in 34 (68%) of bladder cancer cases but in only eight (16%) of healthy controls, indicating a strong association between APC promoter methylation and bladder cancer (p < 0.001). High-grade tumors were found to have significantly higher levels of APC promoter methylation, suggesting a link between APC methylation and tumor aggressiveness (p = 0.048). Smoking was identified as a significant risk factor for BLCA (p < 0.001), but no correlation was observed with the tumor stage. Conclusion APC promoter gene methylation shows a diagnostic value for BLCA and may be useful as a non-invasive marker for early detection. This study highlights the clinical utility of using a simple urine test to detect bladder cancer, particularly in early stages, and suggests that combining APC methylation with other specific biomarkers could enhance diagnostic accuracy. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco issued approval Reference 3/2018 on 30.04.2018. This research project, titled "Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Promoter Gene Methylation in Urine-Derived DNA: A Non-Invasive Biomarker for Early Bladder Cancer Detection and Tumor Aggressiveness", has been thoroughly reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Morocco. The study complies with all ethical guidelines and standards for conducting research involving human participants. Informed consent has been obtained from all participants where applicable, and necessary precautions have been taken to ensure the safety, confidentiality, and well-being of those involved. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Aqerrout et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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