Verifying models of the underwater soundscape from wind and ships with benchmark scenariosa).

Autor:	Martin SB; JASCO Applied Sciences, 20 Mount Hope Avenue, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4S3, Canada., Siderius M; Portland State University, 1825 Southwest Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA., Ainslie MA; JASCO Applied Sciences, Lise-Meitner-Straße 9, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany., Halvorsen MB; JASCO Applied Sciences, 8701 Georgia Avenue, Suite 410, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA., Hatch L; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1305 East-West Highway, 11th Floor, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA., Prior MK; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 1200, 1400 Vienna, Austria., Brooker D; Naval Research Lab, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, USA., Caplinger J; Office of Protected Resources, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East-West Highway, 13th Floor, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA., Erbe C; Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, B301 Hayman Road, Bentley Western Australia 6102, Australia., Gebbie J; Metron, Incorporated, 1818 Library Street #600, Reston, Virginia 20190, USA., Heaney KD; Applied Ocean Sciences, 5242 Port Royal Road #1032, Springfield, Virginia 22151, USA., MacGillivray AO; JASCO Applied Sciences, 2305-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada., Matthews MN; JASCO Applied Sciences, Lise-Meitner-Straße 9, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany., Oppeneer VO; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Motion Building, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Schäfke A; Bundeswehr Technical Center for Ships and Naval Weapons, Maritime Technology and Research, Berliner Strasse 115, 24340 Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany., Schoeman RP; Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, B301 Hayman Road, Bentley Western Australia 6102, Australia., Sertlek HÖ; JASCO Applied Sciences, Lise-Meitner-Straße 9, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [J Acoust Soc Am] 2024 Nov 01; Vol. 156 (5), pp. 3422-3438.
DOI:	10.1121/10.0026597
Abstrakt:	Models of the underwater acoustic soundscape are important for evaluating the effects of human generated sounds on marine life. The performance of models can be validated against measurements or verified against each other for consistency. A verification workshop was held to compare models that predict the soundscape from wind and vessels and estimate detection ranges for a submerged target. Eight modeling groups participated in the workshop which predicted sound levels with observation windows of 1 min and 1 km2. Substantial differences were found in how modelers computed the propagation losses for decidecade bands and estimated the source level of wind. Further investigations resulted in recommendations on best practices. Choices of temporal and spatial modeling resolution affected the estimates of metrics proportional to total sound energy more than distributions of sound pressure level. Deeper receivers were less sensitive to these parameters than shallow ones. A temporal resolution of 1 min and spatial resolution of 100 m is recommended. Models that follow the recommendations will yield similar results. The detection range of underwater targets is highly variable when the ambient noise depends on moving noise sources. Future work to verify models against data and understand model uncertainty is recommended. (© 2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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