Altered leukocyte pattern and inflammatory markers in unvaccinated long covid patients: a cross-sectional study.

Autor: Chaves ECR; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil., Quaresma JAS; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil., Rodrigues MHC; Metropolitan University Centre of Amazonia (UNIFAMAZ), Belém, Pará, 66053-000, Brazil., de Menezes DC; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil., de Lima IC; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil., de Sousa JR; Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences (DMCF), State University of Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, 66087- 670, Brazil., Galúcio VCA; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil., Queiroz MAF; Laboratory of Virology (LABVIR), Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil., Brasil-Costa I; Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Health and Environmental Surveillance Secretariat (SVSA), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil., Barros MC; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics (LGHM), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil., Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â; Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics (LGHM), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil., Vallinoto ACR; Laboratory of Virology (LABVIR), Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil., Falcão LFM; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil.; School of Medicine, São Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil., de Lima PDL; Department of Center for Biological Health Sciences (CCBS), Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in Amazonia (PPGBPA), State University of Pará (UEPA), Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-670, Brazil. patricia.lima@uepa.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Nov 19; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 28617. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 19.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-75920-1
Abstrakt: Long Covid results from the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, involving the release of cytokines and the continuous activation of immune cells. This cross-sectional study investigates leukocyte and cytokine profiles in Long Covid patients in the Amazon, a region where such studies are limited. Blood samples were analysed for differential leukocyte counts and cytokine levels. We suggest elevated lymphocyte counts in hospitalised patients and those with severe COVID-19. Higher eosinophil counts were observed in patients with up to three months of Long Covid, and increased monocyte counts in those with up to six months. IL-2 levels were higher in patients with fewer symptoms and Long Covid duration of more than three months, whereas IL-10 may remain elevated for up to 12 months. We suggest positive correlations between neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes with different cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4, IL-17a, IL-2). Women were associated with lower hospitalisation rates and longer durations of Long Covid; increased lymphocyte counts were linked to hospitalisation due to COVID-19, while higher monocyte counts were associated with Long Covid durations of up to six months. We suggest that Long Covid patients may exhibit alterations in inflammatory markers, indicating a persistently pro-inflammatory microenvironment that tends to diminish after 12 months of Long Covid.
Competing Interests: Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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