| Autor: |
Ye Y; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, United States., Titaley IA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States., Kim-Fu ML; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States., Moll AR; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States., Field JA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States., Barlaz MA; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been detected in plant fiber-based food packaging and most such packaging is disposed in landfills. The objective of this research was to evaluate the release of volatile PFAS to the gas-phase from PFAS-containing, single-use food packaging materials and from municipal solid waste (MSW) during anaerobic decomposition under simulated landfill conditions. After screening 46 materials for total F and 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH), packaging materials were classified as high or low F . High F materials included microwavable popcorn bags, natural plates, compostable bowls, biodegradable boxes, bagasse containers and eco-friendly plates, while the low F materials tested were paper plates, eco-friendly food trays and poly coated freezer paper. Summed PFAS release from the high F materials was 62-800 ng PFAS/g sample and 6:2 FTOH comprised 96.8-99.9% of the summed PFAS. The low F materials and MSW released 0.1-0.4 ng summed PFAS/g sample and 7:2-secondary (s) FTOH was the dominant volatile PFAS. PFAS were generally released early in the 123-285-day decomposition cycle, suggesting that some PFAS will be released prior to the installation of landfill gas collection systems. Nonetheless, PFAS have been reported in collected landfill gas, indicating that release occurs over many years. |
