Assessing the impact of structural modifications in the construction of surveillance network for Peste des petits ruminants disease in Nigeria: The role of backbone and sentinel nodes.

Autor: Mesdour A; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRAE, Montpellier, France.; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France., Ijoma S; National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria., Bolajoko MB; National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria., Arsevska E; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRAE, Montpellier, France.; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France., Ciss M; ISRA, LNERV, Dakar-Hann, Senegal., Cardinale E; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRAE, Montpellier, France.; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France., Andraud M; ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, EPISABE Unit, Ploufragan, France., Apolloni A; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, INRAE, Montpellier, France.; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Nov 18; Vol. 19 (11), pp. e0303237. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 18 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303237
Abstrakt: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease affecting mainly sheep and goats. Livestock movements contribute to the spread of the disease by introducing it to naive areas or exposing susceptible animals to it in infected regions. Because of its socio-economic impact, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) have set the goal to eradicate it by 2030, one of the key steps being the improvement of surveillance networks. The present study aimed to provide tools to identify areas that could serve as sentinel nodes, i.e. areas that may be rapidly infected at the onset of epidemics. Using data from a market survey conducted in Northern Nigeria, we reconstructed the small ruminants mobility network and simulated the diffusion of PPR virus through animal movement. From the analysis of simulation outcomes, we investigated which nodes could act as sentinel nodes under specific conditions for disease transmission. We considered several modified networks to get around the problem of data only being available for part of the overall network structure and to account for potential errors made during the field study. For each configuration, we simulated the spread of PPR using a stochastic Susceptible-Infectious (SI) model based on animal movements to assess the epidemics' extent and the presence of recurrent patterns to identify potential sentinel nodes. We extracted the backbone of the reference network and checked for the presence of sentinel nodes within it. We investigated how the origin (seed) of the epidemics could affect the propagation pattern by comparing and grouping seeds based on their respective transmission paths. Results showed that the isolated backbone contains 45% of sentinel nodes that remain stable or undergo only minor changes in 9 out of 11 configurations. On top of that, the characteristics of sentinel nodes identified in the backbone are not influenced by the severity of the disease. The H index, in-degree, and eigenvector are the most essential variables. This study provides an overview of the major axes of animal movements in Nigeria and the most vulnerable locations that should be prioritized for monitoring livestock diseases like PPR.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Mesdour et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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