Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI), Vitamin D, and Testosterone Levels.

Autor:	Iftikhar M; Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK., Shah N; Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK., Khan I; Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK., Shah MM; Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK., Saleem MN; Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Oct 15; Vol. 16 (10), pp. e71509. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 15 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.71509
Abstrakt:	Introduction Obesity is measured scientifically by calculating body mass index (BMI). Body mass index in men is linked to various hormonal imbalances. This study aims to observe the relationships between BMI, vitamin D, and testosterone levels in patients attending the outpatient clinic at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved 272 patients, presenting to the medical outpatient department from January 1 st , 2023, to December 31 st , 2023. Body mass index, serum vitamin D, and testosterone levels were measured for each participant. Body mass index was categorized into normal, overweight, and obese. Statistical analysis was calculated, including descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and correlation analysis to evaluate associations between these variables. Results The mean BMI of the participants was 25.82 ± 7.88 kg/m². A significant inverse correlation was observed between BMI and vitamin D levels (r = -0.79, p < 0.001) and between BMI and testosterone levels (r = -0.87, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between vitamin D and testosterone levels (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher BMI in the range of overweight or above was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.8-3.5, p < 0.001) and a 3.1-fold increase in the likelihood of low testosterone levels (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.2-4.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, higher BMI is significantly associated with lower vitamin D and testosterone levels. These findings suggest that addressing obesity could help mitigate hormonal imbalances, such as vitamin D deficiency and low testosterone, which are linked to metabolic health risks. It can also be hypothesized that obesity can be a risk factor for vitamin D and testosterone deficiency. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Ethical Board (IREB) committee of Medical Teaching Institute (MTI)-Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar issued approval (Doc No. HMC-QAD-F-00; Approval no. 2211). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Iftikhar et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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