Community-based prevalence, intensity and risk factors associated with soil-transmitted helminthiases and intestinal schistosomiasis in Apojola, Ogun state, southwest Nigeria.

Autor: Adenusi AA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. aadenusi@unilag.edu.ng., Sheba KF; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Ugwueze KT; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Akinsola OJ; Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Adegbite RB; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Nwanya VA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Ekara FE; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Kajero AO; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria., Badmus NI; Department of Statistics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC infectious diseases [BMC Infect Dis] 2024 Nov 14; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 1302. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 14.
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10175-9
Abstrakt: Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) and schistosomiasis are parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of significant public health importance globally, including Nigeria. Urogenital schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Apojola, a rural community in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria, but data on STH and intestinal schistosomiasis in the neglected community are lacking.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and intensity of STH and intestinal schistosomiasis and the risk factors associated with the infections in Apojola.
Methods: The study was community-based and cross-sectional. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic, personal, and household WASH characteristics of the study population. Stool samples were collected and processed for parasitological examination using the triplicate Kato-Katz (K-K) smears.
Results: A total of 283 individuals (males, 50.2%; females, 49.8%) aged 3 to 65 years (mean age ± S.D.: 19.6 ± 14.8 years) participated in the study. No case of intestinal schistosomiasis was recorded in the study, while the overall prevalence of any STH was 38.2%: A. lumbricoides (24.0%) and hookworms (25.8%). Prevalence of infection was not significantly different between males and females for any STH (40.1% vs. 36.2%, χ 2  = 0.473, p = 0.492); A. lumbricoides (23.2% vs. 22.7%, χ 2  = 0.012, p = 0.913); or hookworms (28.2% vs. 23.4%; p = 0.360; χ 2  = 0.839), but significantly varied with age for any STH (χ 2  = 22.225, p = 0.002); A. lumbricoides (χ 2  = 16.354, p = 0.022); or hookworms (χ 2  = 20.001, p = 0.006). The intensity of infection was neither associated with gender nor age and was mostly light. Walking barefoot, toilet type (absent/bush), and irregular washing of fruits and/or vegetables before consumption were significantly associated with STH.
Conclusion: Our data indicate that intestinal schistosomiasis is not prevalent in Apojola and that the community is a moderate-risk area for STH. Hence, the current annual preventive chemotherapy for STH (PC STH) with albendazole or mebendazole in school-aged children (SAC) through the school-based delivery programme should be extended to non-enrolled SAC and pre-SAC using other delivery platforms. This should be complemented with regular and effective health education campaigns as well as water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related interventions.
Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approvals for the study were granted by the Health Research Ethics Committees of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos (Ref: CMUL/HREC/01/20/713) and the Ogun State Ministry of Health, Abeokuta (Ref: HPRS/381/337).Following full disclosure of the objectives, procedures and benefits of the study, written informed consent was obtained from each subject (parent or legal guardian in the case of a minor) before participation in the study. They were also informed of their rights to refuse participation in the study and to withdraw at any time during the study without affecting their rights of access to any intervention. Participants’ confidentiality was ensured through a coding process. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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