Glaciation of liquid clouds, snowfall, and reduced cloud cover at industrial aerosol hot spots.

Autor: Toll V; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Rahu J; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Keernik H; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Trofimov H; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Voormansik T; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Manshausen P; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hung E; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada., Michelson D; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada., Christensen MW; Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA., Post P; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Junninen H; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Murray BJ; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Lohmann U; Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland., Watson-Parris D; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, Ja Jolla, CA, USA.; Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, Ja Jolla, CA USA., Stier P; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Donaldson N; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada., Storelvmo T; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Kulmala M; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Bellouin N; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2024 Nov 15; Vol. 386 (6723), pp. 756-762. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 14.
DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0303
Abstrakt: The ability of anthropogenic aerosols to freeze supercooled cloud droplets remains debated. In this work, we present observational evidence for the glaciation of supercooled liquid-water clouds at industrial aerosol hot spots at temperatures between -10° and -24°C. Compared with the nearby liquid-water clouds, shortwave reflectance was reduced by 14% and longwave radiance was increased by 4% in the glaciation-affected regions. There was an 8% reduction in cloud cover and an 18% reduction in cloud optical thickness. Additionally, daily glaciation-induced snowfall accumulations reached 15 millimeters. Glaciation events downwind of industrial aerosol hot spots indicate that anthropogenic aerosols likely serve as ice-nucleating particles. However, rare glaciation events downwind of nuclear power plants indicate that factors other than aerosol emissions may also play a role in the observed glaciation events.
Databáze: MEDLINE