| Autor: |
Rupnik M; National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.; European Study Group Clostridioidies difficile, ESCMID., Viprey V; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Janezic S; National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Tkalec V; National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia., Davis G; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Sente B; GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium., Devos N; GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium., Muller BH; bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France., Santiago-Allexant E; bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France., Cleuziat P; bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France., Wilcox M; European Study Group Clostridioidies difficile, ESCMID.; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK., Davies K; European Study Group Clostridioidies difficile, ESCMID.; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. |
| Abstrakt: |
Clostridioides difficile is a One Health pathogen found in humans, animals, and the environment, with food representing a potential transmission route. One Health studies are often limited to a single country or selected reservoirs and ribotypes. This study provides a varied and accessible collection of C. difficile isolates and sequencing data derived from human, animal, and food sources across 13 European countries. A total of 441 strains (human hospital- and community-associated cases n = 280, animal n = 96, food n = 65) were analysed by ribotyping, toxinotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We detected 83 sequence types (STs), with ST11 ( n = 80 isolates) and ST1 ( n = 54 isolates) being the most represented. Several STs included strains originating from all source combinations. Further genomic analysis confirmed close genetic relatedness in some of the STs. Additionally, the genomic analysis identified 10 strains from cryptic clades (C-I to C-III) and 4 of them were mono-toxigenic possessing only a variant form of tcd A gene. Amongst 106 ribotypes, 10 were shared between all 3 sources and 68 were source-specific. Some ribotypes were only found at the intersection of human and food source (RT023, RT027), or between human and animal source (RT009, RT045, RT046). C. difficile ribotypes and STs in Europe were diverse. In this collection, some ribotypes showed potential association with food or animal transmission routes. C. difficile strains from divergent clades CI-III, currently emerging in the human population, were rare and mostly food-associated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03503474. |
